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2021

Storm-Time Neutral Composition Changes in the Upper Atmosphere

During geomagnetic storms, energy inputs, such as particle precipitation and Joule heating from the magnetosphere and solar wind, create significant disturbances in the upper atmosphere in the form of changes in the thermospheric density and temperature and, more important, composition, such as O/N 2 column density ratio, nitric oxide (NO) density, and atomic nitrogen (N) density. The composition changes control the ionosphere and have a feedback effect on thermospheric temperature and density due to a cooling effect of enhanced NO 5.3 μm radiation. We review the methods of deriving the composition information from far ultraviolet (FUV) observations as well as the signatures of the major features in the storm-time composition variations such as O/N 2 depletion and enhancement, NO and N enhancement, corotation of the O/N 2 depletion, seasonal and hemispheric asymmetry, traveling atmospheric disturbance (TAD) and its connection to traveling ionosphere disturbance (TID), and temperature increase in O/N 2 depleted regions and their interaction with TADs. A FUV spectrograph imager is a cost-effective instrument suitable for low Earth orbit missions and can monitor the response of the near-Earth space environment including the thermosphere, ionosphere, and aurora (magnetosphere) to solar wind forcing as well as forcing from low atmosphere.

Zhang, Yongliang; Paxton, Larry;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2021     DOI: 10.1002/9781119815631.ch7

far ultraviolet observations; storm-time neutral composition changes; thermospheric nitric oxide variations; traveling atmospheric disturbance; traveling ionosphere disturbance; upper atmosphere



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